ABSTRACT
A new concept of multisystem disease has emerged as a long-term condition following mild-severe COVID-19 infection. The main symptoms of this affection are breathlessness, chest pain, and fatigue. We present here the clinical case of four COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and 60 days after hospital discharge. Physiological impairment of all patients was assessed by spirometry, dyspnea score, arterial blood gas, and 6-minute walk test 60 days after hospital discharge, and computed tomographic scan 90 days after discharge. All patients had fatigue, which was not related to hypoxemia or impaired spirometry values, and interstitial lung alterations, which occurred in both mechanically ventilated and non-mechanically ventilated patients. In conclusion, identifying the prevalence and patterns of permanent lung damage is paramount in preventing and treating COVID-19-induced fibrotic lung disease. Additionally, and based on our preliminary results, it will be also relevant to establish long-term outpatient programs for these individuals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introdução: insuficiência cardíaca é doença incapacitante que reduz a qualidade de vida, portanto, grave problema de saúde pública. Objetivos: traçar perfil epidemiológico e assistencial de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca internados em hospital de referência regional. Correlacionar estatisticamente sinais clínicos a critérios diagnósticos e internações a serviços de atenção primária. Verificar concordância do tratamento utilizado com as diretrizes para insuficiência cardíaca. Pacientes e Métodos: estudo de prevalência do tipo transversal exploratório, realizado por meio da leitura de prontuários, em hospital de referência regional, em 2010, cuja causa de internação era a insuficiência cardíaca. Os dados foram analisados no Epi-Info 3.5. Procedeu-se à análise de frequência e cálculo da Odds Ratio (OR), com intervalo de confiança de 95%, tomando se em conta o teste exato de Fisher para cálculo do P-valor. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade (Protocolo 159/2011). Resultados: foram analisados 54 prontuários; 81% dos pacientes possuíam unidade de atenção primária na área de sua residência. Dislipidemia esteve associada a maior número de internações (OR=16/P=0,034). A principal etiologia da insuficiência cardíaca foi a cardiopatia hipertensiva sistêmica (72,2%). Os principais fatores de risco encontrados foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (66,7%), tabagismo (48,1%), diabetes mellitus (44,4%) e dislipidemia (40,7%). Dos diagnósticos de IC, 68,52% poderiam ter sido feitos a partir dos critérios de Framingham. Conclusões: são necessários programas de educação permanente voltados para a abordagem dos fatores de risco para insuficiência cardíaca, avaliação de adesão ao tratamento e busca ativa de casos na atenção primária, bem como do diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca e seu manejo adequado.
Introduction: heart failure is a crippling disease that reduces the quality of life; therefore, it is a serious public health problem. Objectives: to analyze the epidemiological and assistance care profile of heart failure patients admitted to a regional reference hospital. Statistically correlate clinical signs to diagnostic criteria and admissions to primary care services. To verify consistency between the treatment used and heart failure guidelines. Patients and methods: this was a prevalence, cross-sectional, and an exploratory study conducted through the reading of medical charts from a regional reference hospital from patients whose cause for hospitalization was heart failure in 2010. The data were analyzed in the Epi-Info 3.5 software. Frequency analysis and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were calculated taking into account the P-value calculated through the Fisher?s exact test. The project was approved by the University Ethics Committee (Protocol 159/2011). Results: 54 medical records were analyzed; 81% of patients had access to a primary care unit in the area of their residence. Dyslipidemia was associated with the highest number of hospitalizations (OR = 16/P = 0.034). The primary etiology of heart failure was systemic hypertensive heart disease (72.2%). The main risk factorsfound were hypertension (66.7%), smoking (48.1%), diabetes mellitus (44.4%), and dyslipidemia (40.7%). Out of the heart failure diagnoses, 68.52% could have been made from the Framingham criteria. Conclusions: permanent education programs are needed for addressing heart failure risk factors, evaluation and adherence to treatment, and active search for cases in the primary care as well as diagnosis of heart failure and its proper management.